Formation of Economically Valuable Characteristics in the Varieties of the Species G. Hirsitum L. And Selection of Valuable Biotypes in Natural and Artificial Irrigation

Abstract

This article presents the results of experiments in studying the degree of drought tolerance of new cotton varieties - UzFA-703, UzFA-709, Kelajak and Narpay, created by the method of intraspecific geographically distant hybridization and the UzFA-705 variety by the method of radiation mutagenesis. It is shown that the studied cotton varieties differ in terms of seed germination, both in the field and in artificial conditions. Different periods of germination of seeds in the studied varieties are probably related to their genotypic rate of reaction to soil moisture and other environmental conditions. It has been established that when carrying out targeted genetic, selection and seed-growing studies of cotton varieties populations in artificially created conditions, lysimeters quickly achieve their genetic homogeneity in terms of economically valuable traits, resistance to extreme environmental factors and purity of seed material. As a result of experimental data analysis, it was found that the populations of the studied varieties of cotton have a high intrapopulation potential for economically valuable traits, and are also distinguished by drought resistance, yield and high fiber quality. It was found that in order to determine the resistance of new varieties of cotton to biotic and abiotic factors, soil and climatic conditions of the environment, as well as reproduction in a short time in unfavorable conditions of irrigation (agriculture), it is necessary to select resistant forms against an infected background and extreme environmental conditions.