Nanomaterial's Manufactured By Bacteria and Plants and Their Role in Pathogen Resistance

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the modern technologies that are used in many fields, including agriculture. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is carried out in many ways, and the biological method is one of the easy, fast, cheap and environmentally safe methods that is done by using bacteria and plants. As bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms with a simple structure and the absence of a nucleus in the cell and among the microorganisms, bacteria have taken a greater interest in the field of biosynthesis of nanomaterials One of the main advantages of bacteria is the synthesis of nanomaterials as well as the ease of dealing with them as they can be genetically modified using genetic engineering techniques by expressing specific enzymes due to the loss of the nucleus The process of biological formation, or what is called green technology, can be used to obtain stable nanostructures from biological resources. It has advantages and is better than other biological systems because it is used in the wider production of nanoparticles. This reference study deals with the latest studies on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using bacteria and plants, and some examples of using these nanomaterials in resistance and control of some plant diseases.