Comprehensive Assessment of Correlations of Sodium Hypochlorite Application and Etching Patterns in Primary Molars of Pediatric Patients: An Original Research Study

Abstract

Background and Aim: Placement of tooth coloured restorative material on enamel usually necessitates enamel etching procedures since decades. In pediatric patients, literature has shown variety of etching patterns in healthy and compromised enamel. However, they all do not mandatorily affect clinical performance of materials in their long term service. The sole endeavour of present study was to assess the correlations of sodium hypochlorite application and etching patterns in primary molars of pediatric patients.

Materials & Methods: Total twenty five deciduous molars those affected from Amelogenesis imperfect type three, were included in this study. Teeth were collected at the time of their natural exfoliation. NTI® Turbo Crown Cutters Diamond Discs was utilized to section the tooth into equal buccal and lingual halves. The ultimate aim of sanctioning of teeth was to reveal the fresh enamel surface. Group one samples included buccal surfaces of one side of all samples. HoEtch 37% Phosphoric Acid Etching Gel was used to etch the prepared enamel surfaces as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Group two samples were pre-treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl; 5.25%). After pre-treatment with NaOCl, all group two samples were subjected to same procedure of etching with HoEtch’s 37% phosphoric acid etch gel. All samples were examined for surface change at five different locations under scanning electron microscope.

Statistical Analysis and Results: Statistical analysis was completed by using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Out of 25 patients, males were 15 and females were 10. All studied participants were divided into four age groups. 7 patients were found in the age of 9/<9 years. 8 patients were identified in the age of 10 years. Level of significance evaluation by pearson chi-square test revealed that p value was significant type II, III, IV etching in group 1. Level of significance evaluation by pearson chi-square test revealed that p value was significant type III etching in group 2. Data comparison among the 2 study groups using one-way ANOVA showed highly significant p value. Conclusion: Within the limitations, they stated that surface treatment of primary teeth firstly by 5.25% NaOCl followed by traditional application of phosphoric acid considerably creates favourable etching pattern. These favourable etching patterns are very critical for mechanical retention of Composite restorations, Inlays, Crowns, Veneers and Pit and fissure sealing.