Heritability of Valuable Economic Traits in the Hybrid Generations of Bread Wheat

Abstract

Wheat breeding aims to create high quality varieties that are resistant to dormancy, drought, disease and biotic and abiotic stress in general. In theory, it was decided to increase the wheat yield to 20 tons per hectare, but in practice the yield was up to 14 tons. The dependence of wheat yield on hereditary traits has been shown by many scientists.

It is known that the variability and genetics of quantitative traits are not uniquely determined. The most characteristic of them is dependence on the external environment, which creates great difficulties in breeding. The most important thing in breeding is a specific genotype or homoheterozygosity and other indicators of productivity, that is, what genetic potential it has. The hybridization of these two factors is associated with the problem of choosing the best genotypes from hybrid mixtures. The seeds of plants selected in G₂ are sown separately in the breeding nursery for generations, in which relatively even lines are distinguished in G₃. They make up no more than 5-10% of the total number of lines studied in the nursery this year. The selected lists will be reviewed prior to the start of the competition. According to the research results in 2012, 15 hybrids were bred with the participation of selected new lines and specimens that are resistant to various environmental influences and diseases, high yield, high quality grain.

In each of the created hybrids, hybrids that embody the parental forms are aimed at obtaining hybrids suitable for different soil climates and different extreme conditions