Effects of Theileria Annulata Infection on Hematology, Lipid Profile, and Milk Properties of Iraqi Dromedary Camels

Abstract

Theileriosis has been reported in camels and other animals with variable severity and biological effects. However, these various effects have not been evaluated in camels as they have been in other animals. In this study, 109 apparently healthy camels of both sexes were tested for the presence of Theileria spp. using direct microscopic examination. Hematological values and lipid profile were examined for the participating camels in addition to the properties of the she camels’ milk. From all tested camels, 25 harbored Theileria annulata (22.94%). Red and white blood cells, Hemoglobin, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin were significantly lowered, and Eosinophil rate was significantly increased in the infected camels (p<0.05). Levels of Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) were significantly reduced in infected camels, while Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) were significantly increased in infected camels (p<0.001). Analysis of the milk properties of the participating she camels revealed no change in Fat, Lactose, or Protein content of the milk with the presence of infection; however, Total solids, Solid non-Fat, and Salt values decreased significantly in the milk of infected she camels (p<0.05). In conclusion, regardless of presence of the clinical signs, infection with Theileria annulata can affect some hematological parameters, lipid profile, and milk properties of infected camels; highlighting the importance of specific diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures addressing this pathogen to promote this increasingly developing industry in Iraq.