Isolation, Identification and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes from Soil Sample of Adilabad, Telangana State (India)

Abstract

Actinomycetes are fungus-like filamentous bacteria that are Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic. They are the top natural antibiotic producers. A vast variety of microorganisms with effective sources of antimicrobials are found in the Adilabad forest area of Telangana State, India, due to the climatic and geographical variety. The goal of this research was to isolate, identify, and test putative antimicrobial-producing actinomycetes from soils in the Adilabad forest region. Actinomycetes were recovered from eighty-one soil samples taken from various places in Adilabad. A morphological investigation and biochemical testing were used to identify the isolates. Temperature and pH were also used to classify them. The perpendicular streaking method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity against several test organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptomyces spp. were found in 54.3 percent of the isolates, Amycolatopsis in 14.8 percent, Micromonospora in 9.87 percent, Microbacterium in 14.8 percent, and Saccharoppolyspora spp.in 13.5 percent. In the main screening, 52 percent of actinomycete isolates were determined to be powerful antibiotic producers, with 38.31 percent effective against Gram-positive test organisms and 14 percent effective against Gram-negative test organisms. During secondary screening, isolate J5 (Streptomyces spp.) had the strongest broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Distinct isolates created a total of six different kinds of isolate colours, with the brown colour being the most predominant. The relationship between antimicrobial production and elevation, pH, and colour was determined to be minor. This discovery might be important for future research on broad-spectrum antibiotics for medicinal purposes.