Structural Features of Cells of the Islets of Langerhans in Offspring with Alloxonic Diabetes (Review Article)

Abstract

Problem Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe, progressive autoimmune disease, accompanied by increased apoptosis and death of islet cells of the pancreas. It leads to a violation of its morphology and the development of persistent insulin deficiency and is one of the burning issues to which the work of more than one decade has been devoted. To date, the number of patients with diabetes in the world has doubled every 12-15 years. As noted, diabetes as a disease is a global problem, the number of which only grows over the years. According to forecasts, by 2040 the number of diabetics will reach 642 million and 540 thousand of them will be children under 14 years old. In Uzbekistan, the number of patients with diabetes is more than 257 thousand, of which more than 2.3 thousand children, 913 adolescents. Diabetes is one of the main causes of blindness, renal failure, myocardial infarction, strokes and amputations of the lower extremities as a result of gangrene. It remains one of the burning problems of this century and is relevant for research.

Purpose: To determine the degree of knowledge of reactive changes in the structures of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas of the offspring of animals with alloxonic diabetes.

Conclusions: Thus the need to use experimental animal models in the study of DM 1 is determined by the influence of this disease on both the quality of life of an individual and the population as a whole. A significant amount of information concerning various aspects of pathogenesis and etiology was obtained precisely as a result of preclinical studies. Unfortunately, despite the wide range of possible ways of inducing diabetes, none of the models can fully reflect the essence of the disease and simulate all the features of T1DM. Nevertheless, the use and improvement of experimental animal models of diabetes is necessary for the development of new approaches to modeling this disease, as well as for studying the effectiveness of various medications.

We were interested in the results of comparing diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. Despite the wide variety of models of diabetes mellitus described to date in experimental animals, our studies make it possible to develop new approaches to modeling this disease as well as to study the structural features of cells of Langerhans islets in offspring with alloxonic diabetes in experimental animals with changes in these cells in their mothers.