Functional importance and anti-tumor activities of Ribosome Inactivation Protein (RIPs)

Abstract

Ribosome-inactivating proteins are catalysts which depurinate (rRNA), thus impeding the procedure of interpretation bringing about restraint of protein blend. They are created by different life forms including plants, parasites and microbes. Their anticancer properties may discover therapeutic applications. In addition, conjugation of RIPs with antibodies to shape immunotoxins has been discovered helpful to explore in anticancer treatment. Multiple RIPs are known to inhibit tumor cell proliferation through inducing apoptosis in a variety of cancers, such as breast cancer, leukemia/lymphoma, and hematoma. This review focuses on the types structure and anti-tumor activities of RIPs and their apoptotic effects through three closely related pathways: mitochondrial, death receptor, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways.