Effect of Nano-Fertilizers and DAP on the Activity of the Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme in the Rhizosphere Soil and its Outside for the Rice Plant (Oryza Sativa)
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Abstract
The experiment was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of adding different sources of DAP fertilizers and integrated nano silicon and nano fertilizers on the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme in the Rhizosphere area and outside it, and for the rice plant of the Amber 33 cultivar , where the experiment was conducted in one of the rice fields located in Ghamas district / Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq in summer season of 2019 in clay loam soil, The rice seeds were cultivated (Amber 33 cultivar), the total field area was 350 m2, and the experiment treatments were two levels of DAP fertilizer (Control, M-DAP, O-DAP and O-DAP High K) were (0.240) kg h-1 and two levels of fertilizer. Nano silicon (0.2) ml.L-1 and two levels of integrated nano fertilizer (0, 2)g.L-1 in addition to the interactions between the treatments. The experiment was conducted according Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates for each treatment. The averages were compared according to the L.S.D test at a probability level (0.05).Then the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme in and outside the rhizosphere was estimated after 35, 65 and 95 of cultivation , and the results of laboratory tests showed that O-DAP was significantly excelled on the other two types of DAP fertilizer in recording the highest averages of the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme in the rhizosphere soil and outside it, after 95 days. From cultivation as it reached (289.4 and 257.9) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 Respectively, The treatment of organic DAP fertilizer O-DAP High K, compared to the other two types of DAP fertilizer, achieved the highest significant averages of the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme after (35 and 65) days of cultivation in the rhizosphere and outside it, reaching (182.6 and 197.3) and (224.0 and 199.4) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 respectively. Nano silicon fertilizer NS achieved the highest average of measuring the effectiveness of alkaline phosphatase after 95 days of cultivation in soil outside the rhizosphere, it reached (241.4) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1, and after 35 days after planting it was (178.9 and 168.9) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 for both areas. Integrated nano fertilizer NC achieved the highest average in measuring the effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme after 95 days of cultivation in soil outside the rhizosphere and it reached (241.0) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 while it was recorded after 65 days of cultivation of average. (232.7 and 205.7) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 for both area. Triple interaction between DAP, NS and NC recorded the highest mean alkaline phosphatase activity after 95 days of cultivation. Where O-DAP + Cont NS + Cont NC recorded the highest mean (355.9 and 295.5) µg p-nitro phenol .g-1 soil.2h-1 after 65 days of cultivation. The treatment of O-DAP High K + NS + NC in the Rhizosphere soil and M-DAP + NS + NC outside it achieved a mean of (259.4 and 248.8) and after 35 days of cultivation. The treatment of NC + NS + O-DAP in and outside the rhizosphere achieved the treatment of O-DAP High K + NS + a mean of (220.5 and 210.7) µg p-nitro phenol g-1 soil 1h-1 respectively.