The Formation of the Nutrient Medium in the Soil is Influenced by Varieties and Fertilizer and Its Impact on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

Abstract

Fertilizers are an effective and fast-acting factor in increasing yield and grain quality. In this regard, in order to solve the problem of cultivating a high and high-quality wheat yield, it is important to pay attention to the properties and characteristics of soils and varieties, the development of an optimal system for the use of mineral fertilizers, the formation of a good nutrient medium in soils and the creation of the chemical composition necessary for plants, which is relevant. ... When fertilizers (chemical substances) applied to the soil meet with the soil solution and the soil-absorbing complex, they enter into a chemical reaction and form a new chemical substance. As a result, changes occur in the amount and ratio of nutrients, on the basis of which an appropriate nutrient medium for plants is formed. By forming an optimal nutrient medium in the soil, you can get a high quality grain yield. Sometimes there is a concept - once fertilizer is used, it means there will be a good harvest. But this is not the case. When developing a mechanism for improving grain quality, in addition to fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the genotypic characteristics of varieties. Since the needs of different varieties for nutrients are different, they have their own reactions to the nutrient medium in the soil. Our research was carried out on an irrigated typical sierozem, widespread in the Kibray district of the Tashkent region. The results of the analysis of soils showed that, in terms of the mechanical composition, all horizons of the soil profile are medium loamy, in the arable layer fractions of more than 0.25 mm are 0.5%, 0.05-0.01 mm - 54.4%, fractions less than 0.01 mm - 38.7%. In this layer, the humus content is 1.56%, CO2 is 0.90%, the amount of total nitrogen is 0.13%, phosphorus is 0.14%, potassium is 1.61%, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 6.80, in the arable layer, the amount of nitrate nitrogen is 27.5 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus - 37.0 mg / kg, exchangeable potassium - 283.7 mg / kg, and the content of these elements in the underlying horizons decreases. Field experiments of 8 options were carried out during 2010-2012 (sowing of winter wheat was carried out in October 2009) on the territory of the "Educational-experimental and research station" of the Tashkent State Agrarian University with 3 varieties of winter wheat - Tanya, Khosildor, Polovchanka in 3 replicates. The optimal fertilizer option is noticeable from the emergence of seedlings, growth, and development of the plant. A relatively high and high-quality grain yield was formed for the Tanya variety on the N₂₅₀P₁₅₀K₁₅₀ kg / ha variant, for the Polovchanka variety - N₂₅₀P₁₅₀K₁₅₀  kg / ha, for the Khosildor variety - N₂₀₀P₁₀₀K₁₀₀ kg / ha. On irrigated typical gray soil, the variety and fertilization have a specific effect on the formation of a nutrient medium on which the cultivated winter wheat grows, develops and forms the appropriate yield. It is very important to determine (establish) the nutrient medium in the soil, which forms the maximum grain yield with good quality.