Evaluation of Maternal serum levels of Adiponectin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Iraqi women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

   Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of gestation that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance with first recognition during gestation. It develops when β- cell of pancreas fail to compensate the diminished insulin sensitivity during gestation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adiponectin and TNF-a levels with development gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study included (150) pregnant women in first trimester (9-13 weeks) of pregnancy, during follow up in [late second trimester and early third trimester (24-28 weeks) of pregnancy], 75 of them diagnosed of GDM, and 75 of them  without GDM (Control group). The adiponectin levels are significantly lesser in females who develop GDM than the control group (P≤0.05), while the TNF-a, insulin and OGTT concentrations were significantly higher in females with GDM than control group (P≤0.05). The results showed negative correlation between adiponectin and (FBG, Insulin, HOMA-IR, TNF-a) in GDM-2 group. Conclusions: Maternal late second trimester and early third trimester adiponectin concentrations were decreased in women with GDM compared with healthy pregnant. Therefore, adiponectin as an early biomarker may help to predict the development of GDM later in pregnancy. TNF-a levels were the most important pro inflammatory cytokines associated with increased risk of GDM. females, who develop gestational diabetes mellitus, have higher levels of insulin resistance from normal females.