Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension have world wide prevalence and are proven to be risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases. An ICMR study in 2011 reported 64.4 and 77.2 million people had diabetes and hypertension respectively. According to WHO report in 2010 global status of prevalence of hypertension has increased from 16% to 32.6% in 2008. Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension together increase the risk of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Prevention, early detection and intervention play a major role in the prevention and progression of CKD. This study aims to report prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in CKD patients.
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
A retrospective analysis of patients who visited the Department of Special care Dentistry from June 2019 to March 2020. 268 case sheets of patients with special needs were screened and finally 14 patients with CKD were selected. The medical records of these 14 patients were reviewed and data extracted and analysed. Patients with CKD and coexisting conditions with diabetes and hypertension were studied and chi square analysis was done.
RESULTS:
The study consisted of 14 patients out of which 10 were male (71.4%) and 4 were female patients (28.5%).Predominant age group in the study population was 60-70 years (35.7%) followed by 50-60 years (21.3%). 8 patients (57.14%) with CKD had both Type 2 - Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension. 3 patients (21.43%) with CKD had only Type -2 Diabetes mellitus and 3 patients (21.4%) with CKD had only Hypertension.Descriptive analysis of comparison between age with diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the study population was statistically not significant (p >0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Our study reports presence of diabetes and hypertension ,either in combination or in isolation in patients with CKD. Both diabetes and hypertension are major risk factors for chronic kidney diseases. Early detection and treatment for diabetes and hypertension can prevent development of CKD or its progression to end stage renal failure.