Pathomorphological and Ultrastructural Placental Changes in Women with a High Risk of Placental Insufficiency

Abstract

Background: Placental insufficiency is one of the most common clinical problems in obstetrics. The PI problem based on violations of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms, is still relevant, due to its negative impact on the fetus, numerous complications of childbirth, and high perinatal mortality.

Methodology: We have examined placentas of women with a high risk of placental insufficiency development based on three risk factors: iron deficiency anemia, gestational pyelonephritis, or chronic pyelonephritis and preeclampsia.

Results:The most pronounced was placental insufficiency in women with preeclampsia: placental mass was significantly reduced, and the morphological picture corresponded to decompensation. Less pronounced placental insufficiency was in women with infectious diseases of the urinary tract: the weight of the placenta was slightly increased, and the morphological picture corresponded to full compensation. In women with iron deficiency anemia, placental insufficiency was the least pronounced.

Conclusions: The morphological changes of placentas reflect the tendency to the development of compensatory-adaptive reactions with their subsequent exhaustion. The weight of placentas is dependent on accompanying pathologies. The main impact on placental dysfunction has preeclampsia. Can be concluded, high incidence of placental insufficiency in pregnant women with risk factors such as anemia, late preeclampsia, and inflammatory kidney disease.