Molecular Phylogenetic Demonstration of Staphylococcus Aureus in Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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Sagia Abbas Gibar Aifari

Abstract

Background: In Iraq, the high incidence and recurrence rates of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) underscore the need for a multifaceted approach to prevention and management.


Aim: Direct molecularly detection the prevalence of S. aureus among the DFUs patients using of molecular assay; and then, nucleotide sequencing of some local S. aureus isolates to be documented in the NCBI and identify its association with the GenBank-BLAST S. aureus isolates. Distribution of infection among the age and sex of study population in addition to type of medication(s) were aimed, also.


Materials and methods: After disinfecting of skin surrounding the ulcer, pus samples were collected from 73 DFU patients using sterile swabs that examined molecularly by the PCR assay. DNAs of some positive samples were sequenced and analysed phylogenetically.


Results: Targeting the 16S rRNA gene, 20.55% of DFU swabs were positive reactivity to S. aureus. Concerning age, significant higher prevalence and risk of S. aureus were shown in patients aged ≥61 years old, and to less extent among 51- 60 years old when compared to other age groups; 41-50 and ≤40 years old. For sex, although no significant variation was seen among females and males, risk values revealed that males were at higher risk of S. aureus infection than females. Regarding the type of medication, DFU patients received injectable medication have significantly higher values of prevalence rate and risks than those of oral and mixed medications. Relation to phylogeny, the sequenced data of six local S. aureus strains were submitted in the NCBI database under specified names (DFU1-DFU6) and GenBank IDs (PQ318365.1- PQ318370.1). The findings of phylogentic tree analysis, homology sequence identity, and NCBI MSA viewer demonstrated that the local S. aureus strains were related to the NCBI-BLAST Iraqi isolate (LC576397.1) at an identity rate ranged from 98.65% to 99.79% and mutation/change at 0.02%.


Conclusion: This study confirms, for the first time in Iraq, the phylogenetic linkage of S. aureus isolated from DFU patients to the NCBI-GenBank S. aureus isolates. This study shows, also, significant differences in prevalence rates and risks of S. aureus among various age and sex groups as well as among DFU patients received different medications. Therefore, establishing the underlying causes of diabetes and developing effective interventions to prevent and manage its associated complications are crucial steps towards reducing the burden of this widespread disease. Additionally, the high incidence and recurrence rates of DFU remain underscore and need for a multifaceted approach to prevention and management.

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How to Cite
Sagia Abbas Gibar Aifari. (2024). Molecular Phylogenetic Demonstration of Staphylococcus Aureus in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 28(01), 363–376. Retrieved from http://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/11855
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