Review of Beta lactams

Abstract

β-lactam antibiotics are a class of antibiotics that are used in clinical practice in both oral and parenteral forms. β-lactam antibiotics have become the most widely used therapeutic class of antimicrobials due to their broad antibacterial spectrum and excellent safety profile. [1]. They have a beta ring [2]. β-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and are the most commonly used antibiotics for treating a wide range of bacterial infections. [3]. These target proteins catalyze the formation of the peptidoglycan that makes up the bacteria's cell wall. PBP mutations have been linked to resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics [4]. They have radically changed the landscape of the fight against bacterial infectious diseases since their introduction in the 1930s. [5]. β-lactam antibiotics are classified into several classes, including penicillins (penams), cephalosporins (cephems), carbapenems, monobactams, and beta-lactamase inhibitors. The 3-carbon and 1-nitrogen ring (Beta-lactam Ring) of these medications, Beta lactam antibiotics, is extremely reactive from a biochemical standpoint [6]. But for individual structures,