Targeting Immunocheckpoint In The Tumor Microenvironment And Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

The immune system can detect and eliminate the cancer immune editingand immune surveillance inhibits the growth and development of tumor by the recognition and rejection of abnormal cells. Variety of cancers  are observed, immunotherapy (isanov, 2018) has emerged as an effective and most promising treatment that are designed to target the immune system itself by triggering an effective immune attack against the cancer cells. Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) targets the co-inhibitory signals that block effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation. The co-inhibitory receptor has come forefront in cancer. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the tumor include B cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, the DCs express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 1&2 for the activation and differentiation of CD8 and CD4 T cells which produces the co-stimulatory molecule. The tumor microenvironment (TME) (Ahmed, 2014) is the route for immune escape which is considered one of the hallmark of cancerthe tumor cells interact with the surrounding cells through the lymphatic and circulating system to influence the progression and development of cancer and it also plays a critical role by facilitating and stimulating uncontrolled cell proliferation.