Effect of Seasonal on Strength of Bee and Volatile Compounds in Multi Flora Honey

Abstract

This study was performed in Basra - Iraq, the Aims of Identify of the seasonal effect on the strength of honeybee colonies and Determination of volatiles compounds in honey by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) between means , it showed an increase in the area of the Capped brood during the months March, April, May and June, then decreased in July and August, then increase activity during September and October and then decreased in November. the Determination of volatile compounds in spring and autumn honey it was appeared in both types the compounds: Diethyl Phthalate, and Acetic acid, [bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phosphinyl]-, trimethylsilyl ester, and Octadecanoic acid, and Eicosane and Others in Different rates, the volatile Compounds in spring season honey appeared including: Diethyl Phthalate and Acetic acid, [bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]phosphinyl]-, trimethylsilyl ester and 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester and Trisiloxane, respectively, while in autumn season honey appeared including: l-(+)- Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, and Dodecanoic acid, and Diethyl Phthalate, and 6-Octadecenoic acid, and Hexatriacontane, respectively.