Demographic and Clinico-Pathological Characteristics of Some Iraqi Female Patients Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Abstract

Breast tumors are the most common carcinoma in women of all ethnicities and races, and are the primary cause of premature mortality among women , early detection is associated with reduce mortality. The majority of breasttumors begin in the lactiferous ducts , which carry milk to the nipple , some begin in the lobule cells ,which are the milk producing cells. breasttumor is worldwide second most common cancer and the most tumor to be diagnosed in womens. breasttumors are ranks first among the Iraqi population for 30 years and are now forming a major public health problem being the second cause of death for women. Aim: This study was aimed to assess and highlight the clinical and demographical profiles of Iraqi women with breast tumor and correlate the distribution of breast tumor in Iraqi Arab women with these demographic and clinicpathological characteristics such as the age of women patients, histologic grade, stage, type and side of the tumor, location, menstruation , hormonal intake , tumor size, lymph node metastasis, Body mass index, family history and others. This is a descriptive study was done at the oncology teaching hospital of the medical city in Baghdad . Sixty cases of newly diagnosis of breast cancer women (mean age 51.18±10.64) were enrolled in this study during the period May 2019-february 2020. Their age range was 30-71 years and 40 healthy women were matched with patients as control (mean age 45.30±9.36), There age range was 30-64 years. Questionnaire of self -evaluation were used to collect personal and sociodemographic data in interviews with the patients directly: clinical and histologic characteristics of the patients tumors were collected via their medical records. Medical notes and histopathological reports of patients which confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer affected. Ethical approval was obtained. The average age at diagnosis was 51 years. The highest incidence of breast tumor recorded among patients women in the category of => 50 years (56.7%) followed by category of 40-49 years (25 %). The most common histopathological type was Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (91.7%) , followed by Invasive lobular carcinoma(ILC) (8.3%). The rates of positive Estrogen (ER),Progesterone (PR) and Epidermal growth factor receptor HER2/neutumor contents were 80% , 75% and 23.3% respectively. 50% of the tumors lesion were found in the left breast . location of the tumor more frequent in upper outer quadrant (46.7%), followed by retro-areolar (20%). breast cancer is common in married women (95%). Majority of the patients (76.7%) were moderately differentiated (grade II). The most common stages at diagnosis were stages II (43.3%) and stage III (30.0%) in the TNM system. Positive lymph node metastasis was noted in 61.7% . This study shows that there were 51.7% of breast cancer women in pre-menopausal age and 48.3% of women were in post-menopausal age. The body mass index of women revealed that the majority of the patients and control were either obese (55.0%) or had overweight (33.3%). History of breast tumor and other cancers were recorded in 31.7%; 36.3% respectively,while 68.3% and 63.3% of patients have no history of breast tumor and other cancers. Hormonal intake was demonstrated in 48.3% of patients .the percentage of smokers was observed in 8.3% of patients ,while the nonsmoker was 81.7% and 10% in passive. At the time of the first presentation in Iraq, breast tumor is still diagnosed at relatively advanced stages. Early detection is the key method for managing the disease of breast tumor in the short term, and essential for initiation of prompt therapy and reduction of mortality. Breast tumor in Iraq has been a significant threat to women's lives..The highest incidence of breast tumor noted among women in their sixth and fifth decades of life. most of the breast tumor patients in the current study were estrogen and progesterone (hormonal ) positive. Regular -long term follow up through multidisciplinary cancer boards in mandatory to monitor response to therapy and recurrence.