Smart Hybrid Grid Infrastructure Stability Assessment and Remote Health Monitoring due to Growing Potential Risk of Cyber Threats

Abstract

Grid Infrastructure serves as one of the most crucial and sophisticated linkages between different dimensions of the Power System. With the increasing popularity of grid-tied new renewable energy systems and DERs, there is a growing challenge to integrate it without much disturbing system frequency and stability parameters. In recent time grid has been witnessed several unknown threats, both physical and internal. The most common and potential danger is the risk of cybersecurity issues, as a comprehensive data breach may lead to a substantial unwanted crisis that has not been encounter never before. Most countries worldwide follow one grid policy, so any instability due to cyber-attacks may cause considerable damages economically, morally and socially. Electric Power system cyber protection solutions designed to defend networks from breaking into phasor measurements unit (PMU). PMU is specifically developed to remotely monitor and regulate real-time variable data on the power grid, such as voltage, phase angle, current, active, and reactive power, to maintain reliable energy delivery and industrial security. PMU has traditionally employed for State Estimation algorithms to include real-time data from Remote Terminals monitored in the power system to enhance control and protection. The PMU is disseminated across the system utilising graph theorem analysis and topological observability theory. The acquired state estimate real-time data would then be sent through the Internet Protocol (IP) network architecture to Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) systems. As a result, various cybersecurity flaws occurred. The researchers in this work have attempted to utilised a what-if analysis methodology to identify dangers and hazards. The influence of S.E. cyber-attacks on power system stability is explored using simulations of several scenarios, including the attack of real-time data to determine the danger to power system stability. The intended impact of the research approach is achieved by the proper selection and examination of the case study and the data assessed jointly. Besides, this also determines the outcome of the research and helps achieve the research goals and objectives. The Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in the MATLAB environment has been used for data analysis and simulation. It provides practical recommendations that aid in a deeper understanding of the research and aids in further research in this domain.