Effect of Growth Differentiation Factor GDF-15 ,Leucine Amino Peptides LAP and Some Biomarker on Patient with Hypertension

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a condition in which the blood vessels have persistently raised pressure, where the heart works harder and blood vessels more pressure. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a marker of inflammation, oxidative stress and it is associated with adverse prognosis in cardiovascular disease.Leucine amino peptidase (LAP) is an enzyme that analyzes the peptide bonds in the protein chain and its function was to stimulate the hydrolysis of leucine which contains amino peptides. This study evaluated change of level of GDF-15concentrationand increase LAP activity on patients with hypertension as a bio marker to identify it and evaluated the difference of GDF-15level and LAP activity among patients and healthy people, the impact of hypertension on the LAP activity and GDF-15 level and different in the LAP activity and GDF-15 level in gender and ageshow relation between Calcium, Magnesium , Zinc, lipid profile, electrolytes, phosphors and GOT enzyme with LAP activity and GDF-15 level and study  relation between GDF-15 level with smoking, BMI and family history with hypertension in addition to that found correlative coefficient (r) between GDF-15level and LAP activity with biomarker above.Methodology: hundredsample of patients with hypertension were selected their ages between40 to 70 years old and 75 sample of healthy people as a control group where collected. Demographic data including gender, age, height, weight, history of hypertension and duration of treatment, medical history  were recorded. Blood pressure and body mass index were also measured. One blood sample(5ml) was taken from each  and patientGDF-15level, LAP activity and biomarkers were measured. Results: GDF-15level and LAP activity were significantly higher in patients with hypertension (P<0.001) than in control group,which LAP activity was(225 ±35.7) in female patients and (242±53.5) in male patients and in control group in female was (118± 23.1) and in male was (106±13.3). GDF-15level concentration in patients group was in female(1456.7 ± 77.0) and in male was (1555.0 ± 259) while in control group the concentration of GDF-15 was in female (496±111 ) and in male was(574 ± 232). GDF-15level and LAP activity were significantly higher male patients with hypertension  group than in female (P<0.001). there were significant increase in the probability level (P <0.001) in the rate of efficacy ofGDF-15level and LAP activity in group of (61-70) years old compared with other age group. There  was a correlation between  LAP activity and diastolic and systolic blood pressure which correlation coefficient between systolic blood pressure and enzyme activity (r =0.243) and with diastolic blood pressure was(r= 0.184). There  was a correlation between  GDF-15 level and diastolic and systolic blood pressure. There was a linear correlation between the increase of GDF-15 concentration there was a linear correlation between the increase of GDF-15 concentration in patients with diastolic blood pressure which correlation coefficient was(r= 0.53) and  with systolic blood pressure was(r= 0.62)  and with BMI which correlation coefficient was(r=0.23).Conclusion: GDF-15level and LAP activity can be used as molecular marker to diagnosis hypertension in early time, there were a strong positive correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with GDF-15level and LAP activity. Smoking, grow old in age and obesity effect was to increase GDF-15 concentration in plasma in patients with hypertension.