Estimation of soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and its influence on expression of IL-10 in Periodontal Health and Disease

Abstract

Aim: To estimate the levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(sTREM-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and to assess the influence of sTREM-1 on the expression of IL-10 in periodontal health and diseases.
Materials and Methods: Sixty six subjects were allocated into four study groups –clinically Healthy periodontium (H) (n=17), Generalized Plaque induced Gingivitis (GPIG) (n=16), Generalized Chronic Periodontitis (CP) (n=17) and Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis (AP) (n=16). Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) were recorded.GCF samples were collected and analysis was done using ELISA for the estimation of IL-10 and sTREM-1 levels.
Results: The mean sTREM-1 level in the GCF was significantly higher in the AP group (600.52 ± 86.57 pg/ml) followed by CP (482.81±84.64 pg/ml) and GPIG (259.64 ±44.99 pg/ml) when compared with H group (152.88±59.28 pg/ml). On the contrary, the highest mean concentration of IL-10 was obtained in GPIG (25.96±5.90 pg/ml) followed by CP (11.78±3.91 pg/ml) andAP (8.23±1.92 pg/ml) and least levels in the H group (8.045±1.58 pg/ml). sTREM-1 levels were negatively correlated with IL-10 levels but not statistically significant.
Conclusions: The GCF sTREM-1 concentration was higher in periodontal diseases when compared to healthy samples. IL-10 levels were negatively correlated withsTREM-1 levels. These results, underscore the pro-inflammatory role of sTREM-1 and the protective anti-inflammatory role of IL-10 in periodontitis.