Anatomical Variations in Brachial Plexus Formation and Branching Pattern in Adult Cadavers

Abstract

Background and Aims: Variation in the formation of brachial plexus (BP) during its course, branches and distribution is of great interest for all the clinicians.  The aim of present study was to find variations in the formation of brachial plexus (BP) during its course, branches and distribution.

Methods: This study included thorough and careful dissection of 30 brachial plexuses which belonged to 15 cadavers, obtained from the Department of Anatomy, SKIMS Medical College, following all standard guidelines.  The age and sex of the cadavers were not taken into consideration. The upper limbs were examined for the abnormal formation and union of branches of brachial plexus.

Results: Nine limbs (30%) limbs in our study showed variations in brachial plexus at different parameters. The median nerve was showing 2 lateral and 1 medial roots with absent musculocuteneous nerve. Median nerve was giving branch to coracobrachials muscle. Median nerve was formed by single lateral root with absent medial root. In 2 limbs, the radial nerve was arising from two roots. Communicating branch was seen between musculocuteneous nerve and median nerve.  Similarly, double communication between median nerve and ulner was seen and in another limb communicating branch of ulner nerve to radial nerve was seen.

Conclusion: Our study revealed some rare variations in the formation, branching pattern and relations of the brachial plexus.  The knowledge of these variations may be helpful for the anatomists, radiologists, anesthetist, neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons during surgical operation of the upper limb.