Staging of Breast Carcinoma in Aldywanyia City and Effect of Co-Vid 19 Pandemic Infection on it; Comparison Study.

Abstract

Staging of invasive breast carcinoma is essential for treatment and prognosis. TheTNM staging  which is anatomical staging that depends on tumor size, lymph nodes metastasis and distant metastasis is still used but to be more accurate, it must be associated with the biological variants which are of prognostic and predictive significant  .

Patients and methods;

Retrospective random study that include 172 patients that is divided in to two groups. Group A operated before the pandemic attack of co-vid 19 virus and include 118 patients and group B that operated during 2020( year of pandemic infection)and include 54 patients . Comparison in staging is done between two groups to assess the effect of co-vid 19 virus pandemic on the staging.

Result:

Group A include 118, size of tumor (T) as follow T1: 26(22%), T2: 74 (63%),T3:  16 (13%), T4 2(2%).

The lymph nodes metastasis: in 31(26%) cases there is no involvement of axillary lymph nodes (N0) while the metastasis is seen in 87(74%)

Staging of this group as following, stage 1 is seen in 13(11%) cases, stage 2 is seen in 53(45%) and stage 3 is seen in 52 cases (44%)

In group B that include 54 cases, size of tumor as follow T1: 3 (5%), T2: 38 (70%), T3:10 (19%), T4 3(5%).

Only 6 cases (11%) are presented with the negative axillary lymph nodes while the metastasis in axillary lymph nodes is seen in 40(74%).

Staging is as follow: stage 1 is seen in one case (2%), stage 2 is seen in 13 cases   (24%), stage 3 is seen in 40 cases (74%).

Conclusion:

The ratio of large size tumor and locally advanced disease in our city is unacceptably high due to delay in the presentation. The co-vid 19 pandemic infection worse the condition further. Awareness of population and breast self –examination are essential to catch the mass in the smaller size and increase the number of cases at early stage and  this is  important factor in decreasing the mortality on short term in developing countries .