Effectiveness Nacre Pearl Shell (Pinctada Maxima) as Bone Graft for Periodontal Bone Remodeling

Abstract

Background: Infection of periodontal tissue is characterized by the occurrence of tissue resorption from both alveolar bone to cementum which can result in tooth loss. Spontaneous regeneration does not always occur, so the need for regenerative therapy that can accelerate healing and formation of new bone. Tissue engineering is a biomedical technology developed to help regenerate limbs that cannot be repaired by tissues. One type of tissue engineering to regenerate periodontal is the application of bone graft. Some of the marine biota structures contained in it can be used to build tooth structures (bone, dentin, pulp, and periodontal ligaments) that are damaged or lost due to disease.Aim :to discuss the potential of nacre pearl shells as bone graft material. Methods:Data was collected through Medline search (via PubMed) and Wiley Online Library published from 2016 to 2021. Data search was performed using the keywords Bone Graft, Nacre, Bone Remodeling. Literature Review :Nacre is the inside of the shell, is composed of calcium carbonate. The shells and bones have some similarities, the acellular structure of the shells is formed by the outer skeleton of the mollusks, while the acellular structure of the bones is formed by the internal skeleton of the invertebrates. These two structures share an organic matrix deposited by specialized cells, the organic form of which forms a scaffold for direct crystallization and mineralization. Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces lost bone with material from the patient's body, artificial substitutes, synthetic, or natural. As bone naturally grows, this bone generally replaces the graft material completely, resulting in a new, fully integrated area of bone.Results: After obtaining 32 articles in the Medline search (via PubMed) and the Wiley Online Library, 20 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria desired by the author on the title and abstract, or there were duplications, resulting in 12 articles. From 12 articles, 5 articles were excluded. Obtained 7 articles to be reviewed. Literature review: Discussion: Several studies have been conducted to prove the potential content of nacre pearl shells as bone graft which has osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenetic properties. Conclusion : Nacre pearl shells are a material that shares some similarities with bone. Nacre pearl shells has the potential to be used as a bone substitute material in periodontal bone remodeling.