Interplay between Altered Gut Microbiota and Immune System May Amend the Face of Diagnosis and Therapeutic Regimens of Cancer

Abstract

AbstractEvery aspect of gut immune system is influenced by intestinal microbiome because it embraces the prevalent surface area of microbial interaction with immune system of the host which occurs in a dynamic equilibrium between tolerance and activation i.e. immune system provides protection against pathogenic microbes and the majority of the gut microbes are innocuous symbionts. Several immunological, metabolic and inflammatory pathways help in maintaining this subtle balance amid symbiosis and pathogenesis. Previous studies confirm that gut microbiota plays an important role in carcinogenesis and also has impact on efficiency and toxicity of anticancer therapy by immunomodulation, altered microbiota and xenometabolism. Mucosalassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinomas,pancreatic cancer etc. have been shown to be caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria. This review updates the information regarding association among altered microbiota and carcinogenesis which can be exploited to augment  our understanding about the disease progression, improve diagnosis .