Studies on the Isolation, Identification and Antibacterial Activity of Bioactive Compound from Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract

Abstract

All beings utilize plants to fulfil a wide range of requirements. Many plant-based products are being sold as herbal teas, nutritional supplements, health foods, and other goods. Traditional plant-based knowledge has become a useful resource in the hunt for new pharmacological and nutraceutical sources. According to research, Ayurveda is one of the oldest medicinal systems still in use today, both in India and across the world. Alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and steroids are phytochemicals that are employed in the traditional Ayurvedic method. Such compounds are crucial for good health and can be used to treat a variety of conditions. Multiple chronic and infectious illnesses, including as sore throats, herpes, fever, and gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections, have been treated with Andrographis paniculata in Asia from ancient times. The Indian Pharmacopoeia states that it is a key component in at least 26 Ayurvedic medicines. In this study, Andrographis paniculata leaves were extracted with ethanol using the Soxhlet method, and the resulting crude extract was then used for the qualitative identification of phytoconstituents. The findings revealed the existence of phenolic chemicals, alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Flavanoids were found in the ethanolic extract in places with Rf values of 0.92, 0.65, and 0.55, and an Rf value of 0.5 implies the presence of triterpenoids. The GC-MS chromatogram demonstrated the bioactive chemicals' substantial presence. Methyl salicylate, with a retention time of 3.628 (min), Diethyl Phthalate, with a retention time of 7.864, and tert-Butyl (5) isopropyl-2-methylphenoxy) dimethylsilane are the discovered chemicals (16.875 min). At 16.875 minutes, arsenic acid, tris(trimethylsilyl) ester, and tris(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy) arsane were identified. Peaks for 2-(Acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene and 3-Benzo[g]quinoxalin-2-yl-propionic acid were observed at 17.244 minutes, whereas Diethyl Phthalate exhibits antibacterial, acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting, and neurotoxic characteristics. The column-purified phytocompound (diethyl phthalate) was found, and silver and gold metals were used to create nanoparticles of it. The ability of the synthesised metals (silver and gold) to prevent microbial growth was also assessed. Crude ethanolic leaf extract, A. paniculata leaf extract, diethyl phthalate, DPAgNPs, and DPAuNPs have demonstrated the highest anti-microbial activity against all of the target pathogenic strains among the study samples.