Antimicrobial Resistant and Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria isolated From Raw Milk in Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract

The extensive progress of dairy sectors in developing countries like Pakistan led to widespread use of antibiotics to improve the health and productivity of animals; prolonged usage may lead to antibiotics residues in foods of animal origin: hence, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Accurate data on antibiotic use in livestock treatment, antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances in raw Milk in Pakistan are lacking. The study's main objective was to investigate the susceptibility  profile of bacterial isolates from raw milk used for drinking and other purposes within different 5 areas  of the Peshawar city and to create awareness among the people about pasteurization and sterilization of raw milk. A total of 12 raw milk samples were evaluated. The bacterial isolates were identified and measured of resistances to 10 antibiotics most commonly used during bacterial infection. Amongst all 4 ( 33.34%) isolates were positive to S. aureus,  3 (25%) isolates were positive to  E.coli, 3 (25%) were positive to Pseudomonas sp, and only 2 (16.66%) isolates were positive to Bacillus sp. Determination of the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates showed that among the Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and Bacillus sp. They were highly susceptible to Augmentine, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin and resistance to clindamycin and ceftriaxone. While among the Gram-negative bacteria, E.coli displayed significant resistance to Levofloxacin, Vancomycin, Amoxicillin, Gentamycin. At the same time, E.coli were susceptible to Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to Vancomycin, Oxacillin, and Amoxicillin while sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline.