Current Perspective Of Pharmacogenomics In Clinical Practice In India

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is a new field of study that investigates how genetic characteristics influence a person's drug response. Pharmacogenetics investigates "monogenetic variants" that affect the pharmaceutical response, whereas pharmacogenomics investigates the "whole spectrum of genes (genome)" that can influence therapeutic efficacy and safety. Both names, however, are used interchangeably. PGx-guided drug therapy seeks to provide predictive, preventative, and customized medication in clinical practice by utilizing genetic data. To thoroughly assess a patient's response to a specific pharmacological therapy, PGx integrates knowledge of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with contemporary genetic testing. Researchers can discover the causal genetic state for a drug's modified pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics activity by integrating an individual's genetic profile with clinical and environmental factors. Technological improvements in human genetics have supported and spurred tremendous progress in PGx research, ranging from single-nucleotide polymorphism (monogenic) evaluation to a comprehensive genome-wide approach (oligogenic). Pharmacogenomics is proving to be quite beneficial to the health care system. However, before completely adopting this branch, higher authorities must frame and address several social, legal, and ethical issues, as well as give incentives to overcome technical hurdles. To integrate pharmacogenomics into clinical practice through MTM, the pharmacy profession must define a process for applying pharmacogenomic data into pharmacy clinical practice that is aligned with MTM service delivery, develop a viable business model for these practices that encourages and promotes the use of pharmacists' clinical expertise, and encourage and direct the development of technology solutions that support the pharmacist's role.