Prevalence, Pattern & Risk Factors of Tobacco Smoking among Male Adult Population of Hayatabad Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of tobacco smoking is increasing day by day and it kills one third of its users. According to World Health Organization, 6.2 million deaths per year are attributed directly to tobacco smoking.

Objectives: To find the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of tobacco smoking among male adult population of Hayatabad District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.

Study design: A cross-sectional descriptive study

Place and duration of study: Hayatabad district Peshawar Pakistan, from February 2021 to August 2021

Methods: After taking ethical approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Male adults of age more or equal to 18 were included in the study while those not permanent residents of district were excluded from the study. Samples were selected from two phases i.e. phase V & VII. A total of 385 male adults were included in the study based on 50% prevalence and 95% confidence interval. A structured was used to collect data and presented in form of tables.

Results: Out of 385 respondents, 39.48% had positive tobacco smoking status. Out of 152 current smokers, 71.71% were of age less than 30 years, 21.05% had no job, 37.50% were illiterate, 33.55% had monthly income of Rs. < 10000/ pm, 69.08% unmarried, & 54.61% living in joint family system.

Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco smoking is increasing and the key factors were young age, parental factors, exposure to second hand smoke at workplace, friends appreciating smoking, unemployment, being in an educational institute, low monthly income, separate family setup, and unmarried. Moreover, there was need of comprehensive anti-tobacco smoking campaigns and mass awareness to reduce the mortality and morbidity among the communities.