Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology

Study of Variations of Umbilical Fissure for Ligamentum Teres Hepatis in Human Cadaveric Livers

Gyanaranjan Nayak, Sujita Pradhan, Lopamudra Nayak, Niranjan Sahoo — Sun, 04 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background- The classical umbilical fissure is a groove for ligamentum teres hepatis located on the visceral surface of human liver. It may present several variations as highlighted by the current study.

Materials and Methods- The study comprised of twenty formalin preserved human adult livers of unknown sex harvested from embalmed cadavers. The livers were examined and variations of the umbilical fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis were observed and recorded suitably.

Results- Normal or classical umbilical fissure was observed in only 40% cases. The variations noted were as follows- fibrotic capsule bridging across umbilical fissure (10%); liver parenchyma (pons hepatis) bridging across umbilical fissure(15%); incomplete umbilical fissure with partially demarcated quadrate lobe, but ligamentum teres hepatis absent(15%); no quadrate lobe(5%); projection (designated as lingual process in this study) arising from right lobe(5%) amd projecting into umbilical fissure; lingual process arising from left lobe(5%) and projecting into umbilical fissure; lingual process arising from both lobes(5%) and projecting into umbilical fissure.

Conclusion- These anatomical variations of umbilical fissure are clinically significant as they can pose challenges in diagnostic and surgical procedures involving the liver.

Comparison between the ability of ginger, pomegranate and curcumin to inhibit migration and invasion of U87 cells

Fri, 09 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Aim: Cancer is considered as one of the fatal diseases in most countries. Despite the high medical care development, most cancers are resistant to treatment. Therefore, there is a continuous research for novel treatment methods.

This study investigated the effect of curcumin, from Curcuma longa, different concentrations of soaked ginger and pomegranate juice on the invasion of U87 glioma cell line spheres in 3D collagen model. Furthermore, this study investigated the anti-migration effects of the mentioned plants on the migration of the same cell line in scratch assay.

Method: The Study was done in the department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. The 3D invasion assay and 2D migration assays were used to fulfill the mentioned aims in addition to the Image J program that was used to analyze the area of invasion and the area of migration over the days of applying the assays.

Results: Gradual effect of curcumin, the soaked ginger and Pomegranate juice was noticed on the inhibition of the invasion of U87 in collagen and on the inhibition of the migration of the same cell line in scratch assay in a dose and time-dependent manner. However, the results were more potent in migration compared to invasion.

Conclusion: This work adds more proofs on the importance of curcumin; ginger; and pomegranate juice as anti-invasive and anti-migration agents and opens the door for more investigative studies

Conventional and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Different Farm Animals from Different Rural Areas in Wasit Province, Iraq

Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The present study was conducted to identify the occurrence of Brucella spp. in different farm animals from different rural areas of Wasit Province, Iraq. The study involved in the sampling of 165 blood samples from 81 cows, 50 buffalos, 23 sheep, and 11 goats. These samples (5 ml/each) were subjected to Rose Bengal test (RBT), regular bacterial cultivation and identification, positive-RBT-dependent real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and cultivation-dependent conventional 16S rRNA gen-and B5/B4 gene-based PCR, which were followed by a phylogenetic investigation utilizing partial gene sequencing. The results of the RBT revealed the presence of Brucella antibodies in 14 animals, which were distributed as 5 (6.2%), 1 (2%), 3 (13.04%), and 2 (18.2%), respectively. The findings showed significant (p<0.05) correlation of infection with age, sex, and geographical areas in all animals. The cultivation demonstrated the presence of Brucella spp. in 6 (42.9%) of the RBT positive samples, which were confirmed in RT-PCR and conventional PCRs. The phylogenetic work revealed close similarity with isolates from India, Egypt, China, and USA. The present study results shows that Brucella spp. was present in cows, buffalos, sheep, and goats, which might be considered as important infection sources to spread the infection to different animal herds and areas.

Histological and Immunohistochemical Investigation of Pancreatic Buffaloes

Muqdad Ahmed Shihab , Nasam Emad Daim — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was done to describe distribution of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells in water buffalo. Hence, a total of 25 fresh pancreas samples were collected from slaughtered adult buffaloes in Al-Diwaniyah slaughterhouses (Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq), and then washed, processed, stained and examined. The findings revealed that there were a compound tubulo-acina and lobulated gland surrounded with thin connective tissue capsule, blood arteries, nerves, lymphatic vessels, adipose cells with collagen and elastic fibers. The endocrine tissue, islets of langerhans, displayed clear regular structure immersed within the acinar tissue and delineated by well define delicate connective tissue that contain blood vessels which give the islets spherical shape. The connective tissue involved in separating the endocrine tissue from exocrine. The abundant beta cells appeared normal, rounded to polygonal and stained blue. The smaller number of alpha cells took round to oval shape and almost stained red in color with distinct nuclei. The exocrine sections of the gland were the largest, and these glands were tubuloacinur glands, and each acinus consisted form single layer of large glandular pyramidal shaped epithelial cells resting on basement membrane, the acinar cells contained spherical nucleus basally near the basement membrane, and these cells had large, spherical and homogenous zymogens granules accumulate the cytoplasm in apex. Pancreatic endocrine cells were seen as groups, and separated from exocrine units by very thin layer of connective tissue that completely surrounded the islets. There was a large network of blood capillaries around the islets, and each islet has its own capillary network that is in communication with every other islet. Endocrine cells had an uneven branched cord-like structure that is mixed in with blood arteries. Immunohistichemical examination in the present finding elucidated the Langerhans islets in the pancreas of buffaloes via the using of glucagon and insulin antibody, and detected that the immune reaction varied in density in the islets of pancreas in their two lobes. The immunohistochemical reaction for glucagon and insulin was found three types of islets in the pancreas; alpha (dark), beta (light) and mixed islets. In conclusion, the studying of buffalo animal as it is one of the local economic animals, and comparing between the tissue structure of pancreas of all animals and relationships between them are recommended.

Serological and Molecular Detection of Brucella Melitensis, Wasit, Iraq

Ghufran J. Shamkhi — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was carried out to identify the prevalence of Brucella melitensis infections in humans in Wasit province serologically using the Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The venous blood samples collected randomly from totally 300 individuals into anticoagulant-EDTA plastic tube were tested initially by RBT, and the positive samples were confirmed later by the PCR assay. The findings revealed that 24.67% (74/300) of study population was serologically positives by RBT. Molecularly, there were 39.19% (29/74) positive individuals by the conventional PCR. Regarding the region, significant increases (P<0.0456) in positivity were reported in Al-Numaniyah (17.33%) while significant reduction was seen in Badra (8%) when compared to other study regions; Al-Kut (8%) and Al-Hai (10.67%). In relation to the study period, insignificant differences (P<0.0581) were detected between the positive values of August (8%) and September (11.33%). For sex, the positive higher values were identified significantly (P<0.0363) in males (12.21%) than females (3.45%). Among age groups, the findings of positivity were increased significantly (P<0.04) in >20-40 years old (9.8%) and > 40 years old (10.92%) than those of £20 years old (3.57%). In conclusion, the combination of different diagnostic methods provided more insurance and supported high reliably findings. Also, the application of molecular-PCR assays is of great value since it provides a more sensitive and specific data about the status of infection in addition to their ability in detection of organism in blood samples efficiently. In people and animals living in the same households, brucellosis allows for identification and quantification of risk factors for brucellosis transmission at the household level. However, the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs can provide a key to its prevalence in humans; therefore, surveys of brucellosis in different domestic and wild animals are required

A Study Protocol on The Efficacy of Fluticasone Versus Bharangi (Clerodendrom Serratum Linn) Arka (Aqueous Extract) Nasal Spray In Pratishyaya (Chronic Allergic Rhinitis) In Children

Dr. Deepthi Balakrishnan, Dr. Renu Rathi, Dr. Bharath Rathi, Dr. Monika — Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The pervasiveness of Allergic rhinitis among children is high while comparing other inflammatory diseases. Even though it doesn’t have a direct impact on their well-being, it is the villain of the piece interrupting their healthy growth. A closer look at school-going children reveals the fact that Allergic rhinitis is one of the most visible symptoms that disturbs their cycle of life. Fluticasone nasal spray considered as the Gold Standard in COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is the first line treatment method usually prescribed in this ailment. The disease Pratishyaya mentioned in classical Ayurveda texts exhibits features analogous to Allergic rhinitis. Arkaprakasha, serves as the principal testament to the sanative value of Bharangi Arka in Pratishyaya. The Arka prepared from the root of Bharangi has pharmacological effects adequate to pacify the disease. This study plans to evaluate the equivalent efficacy of Bharangi Arka and Fluticasone in Allergic rhinitis. Both of the drugs are administered in the form of nasal sprays since they can be applied more conveniently and easily on the school going group. For the study, 84 children from the age group of 4-14 years with Pratishyaya is selected arbitrarily fulfilling the inclusion criteria and is categorized into two groups. The choice between the nasal sprays is be made by Double- blind method and the assessment is done based on TNSS (Total Nasal Symptom Scoring) within a duration of 28 days. If Bharangi Arka is found to have a fruitful effect, it could foster further research with revamped Ayurveda formulations

Correlation of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Total Protein with Copper in Anemic Women

Nedaa Yaseen Taha Alani, Mohammed Fadhel Jassim, Mearaj Mahdi Mohammed — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Anemia remains a major public health problem, affecting one third of all adults and almost two billion people worldwide. Main aim of this study is to determine serum copper, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total protein and explore the possible association that might present between them in Anemic Women.

Fifty subjects were included in this study, they were divided into two groups; controls group which involved 20 females, and patients group involved 30 females, the sample collection has been attended the students of the college of applied science and some private laboratories in Al-Fallujah city, for the sampling period was from January 2022 to April 2022 and the ages of all subjects was ranged from 20-45 year. Serum levels of Copper and liver enzymes mentioned in the study were estimated by color enzymatic methods .

The results showed lower serum levels of Copper (µg/dL) with significant differences in anemic women (P < 0.0001) than in control group. The serum levels of ALT (U/L) was significantly higher in controls (P < 0.0001) in comparison with patients, also the serum levels of, AST was significantly higher in controls than patients (P < 0.001), while the serum levels of total protein decreased slightly in the patients group in comparison to the controls group (P < 0.001).

The current study showed that the correlation for Copper with Age weak positive (r = 0.383), (p=0.037), and negative correlation was notice with total protein (r = -0.505) (p=0.004) .In addition to no correlation was observed between Copper with ALT and AST.

Genetic Structure of Iraqi Populations

Ammar M. Shakir — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The field of genetics has become more and more crucial to our comprehension of human evolution. Genetic developments have given us new means of verifying or disproving historical theories. Our ancestors mingled with prehistoric humans, who seem to have more genetic variation in common, for example with modern non-African humans than with modern sub-Saharan African humans.

Method: A laboratory specializing in family tree construction evaluated 2238 samples in total, drawn at random from a group of Iraqis.

Results: It was demonstrated that the Neolithic (Caucasian), Natufian (local Jazri Levantine), and Anatolian Iranians make up the majority of Iraqis. Examining a single sample of pure Jazri ancestry, the findings showed that the sample was 60% Natufian (local Jazri Levantine), 28% Neolithic.

Conclusions: The genetic composition has no relation to the paternal genealogy as it differs from one computer to another, as each computer uses a different Algorithm. Generally, the genetic composition differs according to the comparison samples, when the purer samples the more accurate results, and to the genetic distances, where the closer distance to zero, the more precise results.

Study of Microbial Contaminants in White Cheese in Basra Markets, Iraq

Hiba A. Nasear — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to detect and identify the types of microbial contaminants in the homemade soft white cheese in Basra city markets and from different regions to assess their validity and their compliance with the approved Iraqi health standards. Fifty samples of soft white cheese samples were collected from the local markets of the city of Basra, represented by the regions (Al-Ashar, Old Basra, Abi Al-Khateeb, Al-Qarma, and five miles) during the period from February 2020 to April 2020 by using 250 g for each sample of soft white cheese. total bacterial count and the total coliform count was investigated, as well as the Staphylococcus aureus preparation and the presence of Pseudomonas spp was also investigate compared with specific control rates, biochemical identification was done by using the Enterosystem18R system. The results of the current study showed the high content of soft white cheese from the microorganisms that included many pathogens in humans and food poisoning. Total bacterial count ranges from 5.6 x 10⁵to 6.8 x 10⁹ cfu /g, coliform bacteria ranged from 4.6 x 10⁴ to 9.99 x10⁷ cfu/g and it was found that the bacterial count of E. coli was between 2.1 x 10 ²to 3.9 x 10⁹cfu/g,. Pseudomonas spp. was found between 2.4 x 10⁴to 3.1 x 10⁷cfu/g and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 1.8 x 10⁷to 5.3 x 10⁷ cfu/g .It was concluded through this study that soft white cheese samples contain high bacterial contamination that may threaten consumers' general health, exceeding health standards.

Hormonal, Hematological, and Oxidant / Antioxidant Disturbances in Aborted Cows

Basim Hameed Abed Ali — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Cattle abortion, increasingly occurred in Iraq in last decades due to unknown causes, associates with various postpartum disturbances and/or complications which might affect markedly of the reproductive performance.

Aims: To estimate the possible changes in hormonal, hematological and antioxidant/oxidant profiles in aborted cows due to undiagnosed causes.

Materials and methods: A total of 80 adult cows; 40 naturally calving cows as a healthy control in addition to 40 recently aborted cows, were selected from different areas in Al-Qadisiyah province during March-November (2023), and subjected for draining the jugular venous blood that kept into with and without anticoagulant tubes.

Results: In aborted group, the findings of hematology were showed a significant decrease in values of total erythrocytes and hemoglobin, and significant elevation in values of MCV when compared to those of healthy group. However, insignificant variations (P>0.05) between values of both study groups were showed in hematocrit, MCH, MCHC, total leaukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. For hormones, the findings of aborted cows revealed a significant reduction in values of prolactin and a significant elevation in values of insulin. In cows of aborted group, the findings of antioxidants (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were significantly higher; while, malondialdehyde was significantly lower than seen in cows of healthy groups. Although the findings of glucose and magnesium were differed insignificantly, the concentration of calcium was reduced significantly in cows of healthy group when compared to those of aborted group.

Conclusion: To date, abortion in cattle due to unknown causes and their complications remain an actual problem without control. This might represent the first study in Iraq compare between the markers of aborted cows and naturally calving cows; therefore, additional studies appear very important to know all bodily changes after abortion and the methods for decreasing or preventing their negative effects.

Role of Some Cytokines in Pathogenicity of Toxoplasmosis in Aborted Women in Karbala,Iraq

Hussein A.M. Al-Jubouri , Kawther A.M. Al-Mussawi — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

210 blood samples were collected for pregnant women who aborted with toxoplasmosis and those who aborted for other reasons during the first trimester of pregnancy at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital in the city of Karbala during the period 7/1/2021 until 2/22/2023. The required information was recorded according to a special questionnaire form prepared in advance. For this purpose, the results of the rapid examination, RAPID TEST, out of 210 aborted women, showed that 60 of them were infected with toxoplasmosis, a percentage of 28.5%, while 150 women aborted for other reasons, out of 210 aborted women, a percentage of 71.4%, were negative (serum) and not infected with Toxoplasma gondii.The results of the examination of immunological indicators showed that there was a significant increase in TNF-α cytokinetic concentrations in patients aborted with toxoplasmosis 13.18±3.49 pg/ml compared with the mean and standard error 8.45± 1.89 and 4.18±0.83 for each of the patients aborted for reasons Other women control.The results did not record any significant differences in the level of cytokinetic TGF-β for the patients who aborted with toxoplasmosis and the patients who aborted for other reasons, respectively 27.18±4.63 and 25.29±2.16 compared with the control group, as the rate was recorded at 4.66±0.78

Studying the Effects of Active Compounds in Clove Plant and their Impact Against Certain Types of Candida Species

Sarab Fadhil , Sabah Abd Fleih , Zuhair Hameed Abboud — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study included the detection of active compounds by using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. It revealed about 7 effective compounds, as the clove plant contains volatile oils and the most effective and concentrated compound was Eugenol acetate. The genus Candida spp. was identified based on cultural and microscopic characteristics was revealed in a way of smooth, shiny, convex colonies, white to milky in color, and distinguished by its distinctive odor. The shape of the cells appeared spherical to oval or longitudinal, single and budded. The virulence factors of Candida species were studied Its ability to produce Protease enzyme and the possibility of isolation from yeast C. albicans on the enzyme production, followed by C. tropicalis yeast while the other species do not have the ability to produce the protease enzyme. The ability of Candida was to produce the hemolysin enzyme especially the two species C. albicans and C. glabrata have hemolytic ability, while other isolates portability was non-hemolytic, and their ability to produce phospholipase enzyme was demonstrated by the isolate of C.albicans which recognized by the appearance of a white dense area around the growing colonies, which is the area of deposition on the medium of solid egg yolk, while the rest of the isolates did not produce the enzyme phospholipase. The alcoholic extract of Cloves plants was prepared for the purpose of identifying the antagonistic activity against Candida species, it was noted that the clove plant inhibited all species.

Gene expression of Entamoeba histolytica in diarrhetic patients from Wasit province

Thuraya Khaled Abdulwahed — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In order to identify the amoebiasis-causing Entamoeba histolytica in people who were suffering from diarrhea, this study made use of molecular detection technologies. We gathered stool samples from one hundred people who were experiencing symptoms of diarrhea and classified them according to their age and gender. The findings of an inspection using a direct microscope showed that ninety percent of the samples had entamoeba germs. According to the findings of a microscopic inspection, the rate of infection with Entamoeba was much greater in females (86.73 percent) than in men (70.8 percent), and this difference was significant at the level of 0.05 for the P value. The investigation also indicated significant infection rates in the age categories of 5-11 years and more than 50 years (respectively 85.23 percent and 78.81 percent), but a reduced infection rate in the age group of more than 2 years (43.45 percent). The nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in which the small subunit gene was used, was able to establish that the infection rate for E. histolytica 91 was greater (91 percent). The prevalence of the Entamoeba histolytica infection is much higher in females (89.23 percent) than it is in males (82.35 percent). Both the older age group (>2) and the younger age group (28-48 years) had an infection rate that was one hundred percent attributable to E. histolytica. Based on gender, age, and the results of nested multiplex PCR, this gave the proportion of people that were infected with Entamoeba histolytica.

Levels of Interleukins, Hepcidin and Ferritin in Helicobacter pylori Patients

Abbas Ali Hussein, Fazel Pourahmad, Fawzi Hasan Zayr Alfahdawi — Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of H. pylori in anemic patients and the levels of serum interleukins (1 and 6), hepcidin and ferritin. Totally, 110 individuals who went to the consulting clinic at Medical city Hospital in Baghdad Governorate during May to September (2022) were subjected to the current study. The blood samples were collected from the study population and the obtained sera were examined using the specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect the prevalence of anti-H. pylori IgG-antibodies and the levels of interleukins, (1 and 6), hepcidin and ferritin. According to the results of serum analysis of 100 patients aged between 20-60 years, 75% were H. pylori positive. The percentage of males who tested positive was 62.7% compared to 37.3% females. The obtained results of hepcidin for anemia by H. pylori patients compared with the control group is 3.78 ± 0.17 ng/mL and 6.46 ± 1.52 ng/mL, respectively. It appeared that the hepcidin concentration was significantly lower (p <0.01) for the patients than for the controls. The values of Interleukin-1B appeared to be higher for anemia by H. pylori patients compared to the control group. The data obtained from IL-1 showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of patients compared with the healthy control group (p <0.01). As for values of Interleukin-6, the obtained results showed a significant increase in the serum concentration of patients compared with the healthy control group (p>0.05). The values of interleukin-6 appeared to be higher for anemia by H. pylori patients. This study concluded that there is a relationship between low ferritin levels and infection with H. pylori, and this leads to cases of anemia in the patient. The high levels of cytokines showed a correlation with infection with H. pylori, as infection stimulates the immune system.While the levels of hepcidin protein did not show clear results and its relationship with infection with H. pylori. Because the serological tests do not distinguish between active infection and past exposure to H. pylori, further confirmation by other tests is required before eradication therapy. Several tests are available for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. It should focus on the usefulness and limitations of each diagnostic method as well as the recent developments of these tests that contribute to improve the diagnostic accuracy. It should be considered in the future to extend current routine diagnostics of H. pylori infections with Next Generation Sequence (NGS) applications. More researches are needed to establish different foods at high risk of H. pylori presence and transmission.

Hepatitis B Virus in Al- Diwaniya Governorate

Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a public health concern because it can lead to liver conditions like cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer.

The basic immunology idea of an antigen attaching to its particular antibody is used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, which enable the detection of extremely minute amounts of antigens like proteins, peptides, hormones, or antibodies in a fluid sample.

By using ELISA screening, 80 samples were positive for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The study sample consisted of 59 males and 21 females, aged between 12 and 75. Results were 33 samples (41.25%) were positive for HBV-DNA. 47 (58.75%) of the samples tested negative for HBV-DNA using PCR. According to the current study, there is no discernible difference between males and females or between rural and urban areas in the incidence of HBV.

Spectrum of Granulomatous Lesion of Skin Among Skin Punch Biopsies

Rishita, Rajni Joshee, Arpita Singhvi, Yogi Raj Joshi — Wed, 17 Apr 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The granulomatous reaction pattern is defined as a distinctive inflammatory pattern characterized by the presence of granulomas. Granulomas are relatively discrete collections of histiocytes or epithelioid histiocytes with variable numbers of admixed multinucleated giant cells and inflammatory cells

Material & methods -This prospective observational study was conducted in dept of pathology at a tertiary level health care centre in rajasthan . 500 consecutive skin punch from 1^ST Aug 2019 onwards reviewd . Clinical information and clinical diagnosis were noted .Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin along with other necessary special stains were studied. The granulomas were subclassified into sarcoidal, tuberculoid, necrobiotic, suppurative, foreign body and miscellaneous granulomas.

Results- In consecutive 500 skin punch biopsies, 60 cases (12.00%) were diagnosed as granulomatous lesion.Granulomatous lesion was more common in male , 3^rd decade of life and Upper extremities was commonly involved site in granulomatous lesions.Tuberculoid was most common type of granuloma . Infectious etiology was coomonest in this spectrum , leprosy followed by tuberculosis. In leprosy tuberculoid leprosy was commonest followed by borderline leprosy .Among cutaneous lupus vulgaris was commonest . In suppurative type , mycetoma was predominant.

Conclusion - Increased incidence of granulomatous lesions needs a good clinical history, a close histological examination and a clinico-pathological correlation in making a final diagnosis. Optimum communication between pathologists and clinician is utmost important with strict adherence to clinical criteria while deciding site and depth of biopsy.