The Effects of Sera and Salivary Glucose Levels on Oral Status in Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Introduction: DM is the most popular metabolic disease with implications of saliva. That increase oral infections susceptibility as periodontitis or dental caries, salivary hypofunction have been recognized particularly when there has been poorly controlled blood glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) levels and dehydration in diabetes mellitus patients. Aim This study aimed to detect and correlate the salivary and plasma glucose levels as well as comparison the salivary pH that associated with  increased risk of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Material and Methods:Group 1 (study group): include twenty (20) of diabetic patients, Group 2 (control group): include twenty (20) non diabetic participants, Fasting blood and saliva glucose levels and pH of saliva were measured by biochemical analyser and digital pH meter for each subject respectively. decay, missing, filled, treatment (DMFT)index and (PDI)index using to record Caries index andperiodontal diseasesrespectivly.Results: glucose levels in saliva were higher significantly among(group 1) diabetics incomparison with (group 2). it is a significant associationbetween glucose levels in saliva and plasma among study populations, that mean salivary levels of glucose can be used for predicting glucose level as a monitoring tool in DM patients.Decrease salivary pH mean of(6.51) in group 1(study group),in comparisonwith the normal mean of salivary pH of (7.21) in the group2(control group). The DMFT index and PDI index means (8.10 and 4.0) respectively was higher in the group1 when compared to that of group2 (1.15and 0.45) respectively. Conclusion: saliva glucose can be used as an indicator for diabetes. There was a significant association between the DM and development of periodontitis and dental caries. As well as a significant decrease in pH of saliva in DM patients in comparisonwithnon-diabetic subjects.